Health benefits of wheat flatbreads with different fruit peels; determination of anti-oxidant, nutritional value and sensory characteristics
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59736/IJP.22.01.885Keywords:
Antioxidant activity, Nutritional analysis, Fruit peels, Fortification, Wheat flatbreadAbstract
Background: Fruit peels including pomegranate, orange and lemon are rich sources of antioxidant and other bioactive compounds. These fruit peels can be utilized for many health benefits. Methods: The current study was to determine the nutritive value, antioxidant activity and sensory characteristics of wheat flatbread incorporated with pomegranate, orange and lemon peels. The incorporated flatbreads (chappati/roti) were made by replacing wheat flour with 5% of peels powder of each fruit. Results: The data revealed that addition of fruit peels powder increased the moisture, ash, fats and fiber contentsbut reduced the protein and carbohydrate contents of the flatbreads. The minerals analysis showed that lemon peel incorporated flatbreadhad significantly the highest amounts of calcium, magnesium, sodium and chromium (p<0.05). Similarly, the orange flatbread was relatively superior in iron content only, whereas, the pomegranate had relatively lower minerals content except magnesium. The total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of flatbreads was also increased with incorporation of peels powder. All the sensory attributes of all the incorporated flatbreads were in the acceptable range. Conclusion: It is recommended that the utilization of peels of citrus fruits as food additive should be encouraged to get potential nutritional and health benefits of the peels. This can be utilized for health benefits in variety of diseases.
References
2. Abd El-ghfar MA, Ibrahim HM, Hassan IM, Fattah AA, Mahmoud MH. Peels of lemon and orange as value-added ingredients: chemical and antioxidant properties. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci. 2016;5(12):777-94.
3. Jalal H, Pal MA, Hamdani H, Rovida M, Khan NN. Antioxidant activity of pomegranate peel and seed powder extracts. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2018;7(5):992-7.
4. Abdel Motaal A, Shaker S, editors. Anticancer and antioxidant activities of standardized whole fruit, pulp, and peel extracts of Egyptian pomegranate. The Open Conference Proceedings Journal; 2011.
5. Liew SS, Ho WY, Yeap SK, Sharifudin SAB. Phytochemical composition and in vitro antioxidant activities of Citrus sinensis peel extracts. PeerJ. 2018;6:e5331.
6. John S, Monica SJ, Priyadarshini S, Sivaraj C, Arumugam P. Antioxidant and antimicrobial efficacy of lemon (Citrus limonum L.) peel. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res. 2017;46(1):115-8.
7. Manisha N, Rajak R, Jat D. Oxidative stress and antioxidants: An overview. IJARR. 2017;2(9):110-9.
8. Yoshikawa T, Naito Y. What is oxidative stress? Japan medical association journal. 2002;45(7):271-6.
9. Adwas AA, Elsayed A, Azab AE, Quwaydir FA. Oxidative stress and antioxidant mechanisms in human body. J Appl Biotechnol Bioeng. 2019;6(1):43-7.
10. Siddiqui SA, Singh S, Nayik GA. Bioactive compounds from pomegranate peels-Biological properties, structure–function relationships, health benefits and food applications–A comprehensive review. Journal of Functional Foods. 2024;116:106132.
11. Singh B, Singh JP, Kaur A, Singh N. Phenolic composition, antioxidant potential and health benefits of citrus peel. Food Research International. 2020;132:109114.
12. Guimarães R, Barros L, Barreira JC, Sousa MJ, Carvalho AM, Ferreira IC. Targeting excessive free radicals with peels and juices of citrus fruits: grapefruit, lemon, lime and orange. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2010;48(1):99-106.
13. Nazir A, Itrat N, Shahid A, Mushtaq Z, Abdulrahman SA, Egbuna C, et al. Orange peel as source of nutraceuticals. Food and Agricultural byproducts as important source of valuable nutraceuticals: Springer; 2022. p. 97-106.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 1970 Sana Tehreem, Muhammad Abbas, Zia uddin, Imran Khan, Durri Nayab, Maria Shah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Readers may “Share-copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format” and “Adapt-remix, transform, and build upon the material”. The readers must give appropriate credit to the source of the material and indicate if changes were made to the material. Readers may not use the material for commercial purpose. The readers may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
