Pattern and management of mid face fracture in patient reporting to Saidu College of Dentistry
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59736/IJP.24.02.1084Keywords:
Midface fracture, Le Fort fracture, Maxillofacial Trauma, Road Traffic Accident, Zygomaticomaxillary ComplexAbstract
Background: Midface fractures are a major part of maxillofacial injuries because of their functional and cosmetic significance. Patterns of these injuries are region-specific, and information is scarce in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, especially in Swat. The purpose of this study was to establish the pattern of midface fractures and the treatment modalities in patients reporting to Saidu College of Dentistry, Swat.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saidu College of Dentistry, Swat.. A total of 156 patients aged 10–60 years with clinically and radiologically diagnosed midface fractures were selected using consecutive non-probability sampling. Fractures were classified into Le Fort I, II, III, zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC), nasoethmoidal, and orbital fractures. The treatment modalities were divided into conservative and open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). Data analysis was done using SPSS version 22. Chi-square test and independent sample t-test were used to find the association, and p ≤ 0.05 was taken as significance.
Results: Young adults were the predominantly affected age group, with a marked preponderance of males. Road traffic accidents were the primary cause. ZMC fractures were the most common type of fracture. ORIF was done in slightly more than half of the patients. There was no significant association between fracture type and gender or between fracture type and management type. However, fracture displacement was significantly associated with the type of ORIF (p < 0.001). Patients undergoing ORIF had significantly longer hospital stays compared to those managed conservatively (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Midface fractures in this region are predominantly seen in young males and are mainly due to road traffic accidents. Fracture displacement is a key determinant of surgical intervention, whereas fracture type alone does not influence the choice of management.
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