Umme Farwa, Wajiha Farooq, Asim Saeed and Shagufta Hussain

Department of Pathology, Yusra Medical and Dental College, Islamabad

Abstract
Objectives: To determine the isolation rate of Alternaria alternata in patients with clinical Onychomycosis
Study Design: Descriptive (cross sectional) study
Place and Period of Study: Department of Microbiology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Rawalpindi, from August 2011-April 2012.
Material and Methods: Sample size; 200 nail samples, Sampling Technique; Non probability convenience sampling. Nail clippings and nail scrapings were obtained from affected nails of patients clinically having onychomycosis. Direct microscopic examination with 30% potassium hydroxide mounts and culture on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar (SDA), SDA containing Chloramphenicol, and SDA containing actidione and chloramphenicol were used for species identification.
Results: Out of 200 nail specimens, 94 (47%) yielded positive fungal growth, while 106 (53%) nail specimens were found negative on culture.
Non-dermatophyte moulds (NDMs) accounted for 62 (66%) of total culture positive cases, out of which Alternaria alternata was the commonest species (29%).
Dermatophytes were isolated from 20 (21%) all belonging to genus Trichophyton spp. and 12 (13%) were yeast.
Conclusion: Study has yielded high number of NDMs especially Alternaria alternata, hence large scale multicentre clinical studies are required to ascertain the clinical significance of Alternaria alternata as pathogen particularly in patients with immunosuppression, as a causative agent of onychomycosis. Moreover, clinical trials to see the treatment outcome of NDMs isolated from these patients, will further help to unfold the clinical significance of this study.
Key words: Alternaria alternata, non-dermatophytes, dermatophytes, onychomycosis and yeast.