Institutions are made from people and not from bricks and cements. Even single great individual can change the course of the history. Divine guidance had been documented to bring fundamental changes! The best and the most authentic evidence comes from the example of the final Prophet Muhammad ﷺ whose influence is not only well documented but also well recognized even by learned non Muslims! Michael Hart’s book on 100 most influential people therefore rank him # 1 in the list. The seeds of human development which was sown in his life time through final divine book Quran and his wise, honest and dedicated explanation of the Quran through deeds and words brought the big bang in the universe of science. This can be seen in the 8 most glittering centuries of human history i.e. 600-1400.  Imam Malik; a single individual teacher at Great Masjid (mosque) of the Prophet ﷺ in Madinah Munawwarah  produced such great patrons of sciences as Ma’moon Rashid who nurtured, patronized and supervised the great culture of scientific work. Famous Muslim conquerers such as Slahuddin Ayyubi and Mehmood Ghaznawi are known for their bravery and great war abilities but most people are unaware about their great contributions as most generous patrons of sciences.  Ma’moon, Ayyubi and Ghaznawi had madly love for education, science and research and this is all blended with humility and softness in their character toward common man.  Had these individuals not properly trained we all might still be living in dark ages! Their generosity and selflessness had no match. Little they spent on themselves; Salahuddin Ayyubi for example did not perform hajj, a muslim obligation for those who can afford its expense; a middle class person easily can afford but Ayyubi did not have even that money for himself and he didn’t dare to use state money for that purpose! Mehmood Ghaznawi likewise was found of getting talented scientists to help and groom them. He succeeded in getting great scientist al-Baironi but failed to get Ibn-e-Sina for that he was even ready to go on war with Iran of that time! Lesson is simple unless you invest in people you will not build institutions and you will not have balanced terrific growth in field of science and humanity together!

Muhammad Habeel Dar¹, Sohail², Yasir Adnan³, Lubna Noor⁴ and Mohammad Hafizullah⁵

Department of Cardiology, Lady Reading Hospital, PGMI, Peshawar, Pakistan

ABSTRACT

Objectives: This study was designed to find out the Frequency of new onset atrial fibrillation in patients with acute myocardial infarction having HIGH CHADS2 SCORE.

Material and Methods: This was a Cross Sectional Descriptive study. The study was carried out at the Department of Cardiology, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar From 7^th March to 6^th September 2014. All Patients with acute myocardial infarction having CHADS2 SCORE 3 and above were enrolled. Patients were monitored for AF during their total hospital stay. Study end point was new onset atrial fibrillation that last for more than 30 seconds. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 16.

Results: We enrolled 186 patients of acute myocardial infarction patients having CHADS2 SCORE three or more at admission. The mean age was 56.55 years + 13.992SD years. Out of 186, 99(53.23%) were male and 87(46.77%) were female patients. Over all new onset atrial fibrillation was observed in 40(21.51%) patients having acute myocardial infarction patients with High CHADS2 SCORE while 146(78.49%) have not faced the new onset atrial fibrillation during the study period.  About 20(23%) female patients presented with acute myocardial infarction patients having High CHADS2 SCORE, developed new onset atrial fibrillation as compared to 20(20.2%) male patients who developed new onset atrial fibrillation. However, this difference was statistically not significant.

Conclusion: Atrial fibrillation is one of the most common heart rhythm disorders, with a prevalence that is on the rise. Risk factors for the development of AF are very similar to those for developing coronary artery disease. AF is often associated with acute myocardial infarction in patients with High CHADS2 SCORE. Emphasis should be given on prevention, early detection and immediate management of atrial fibrillation in patients of acute myocardial infarction having High CHADS2 SCORE.

Key Words: Atrial Fibrillation, Acute Myocardial infarction, CHADS2 SCORE.

Muhammad Mateen Khan¹, Abdul Khalid Awan², Raja Muhammad Arif Khan³, Naveed Ahmed², Wafa Hussain⁴ and Muhammad Asif Khan⁵

¹Azad Jammu & Kashmir Medical College, Muzaffarabad ²Abbas Institute of Medical Sciences, Muzaffarabad

³ Department of Education, Govt. of AJK, Muzaffarabad, ⁴Central Blood Transfusion Services, Muzaffarabad, ⁵Agricultural Department, Govt. of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Muzaffarabad^.

ABSTRACT

Objectives: Prevalence of malnutrition in AJK is very high in children between the age of 5-14 years and research based information about these health problems are generally lacking in school going children. The purpose of the present study was to find out the relationship between malnutrition and worm infestation in school going children.

Methodology: The study was carried out in Abbas Institute of Medical Sciences (AIMS) Muzaffarabad. Total 1902 students from nine Government schools of Muzaffarabad of age 5-14 were examined. Among these, 200 children were found with 3rd degree malnourished excluding children who were suffering from chronic diseases. Weight and height of the students was recorded. Stool samples of the students were collected and examined within one hour of collection under direct light microscope.

Ruqqayya Ishaq, Henna Azmat, Maria Omair, Ahmareen Khalid Sheikh and Ashok Kumar Tanwani

Department of Pathology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical UniversityPakistan

Abstract: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a useful diagnostic aid in benign and malignant lesions. The diagnostic accuracy of FNAC depends on the sampling technique, fixative used, quality of staining and of course the meticulosity of interpretation by the pathologist. The widely used fixative in this procedure is 95 % Alcohol which although readily available, has a number of limitations for use. It is expensive and hence subject to pilferage. Also, it is a volatile liquid with an irritant smell and is said to be carcinogenic. Recent attempts have been made to prove that honey is also a comparable fixative for cytological specimens. It is a natural organic product, odourless and not known to cause any disease. Secondly it is relatively cheaper and not prone to be mishandled, making it an efficient contender for use as a fixative. In this study, we analyzed and compared the efficacy of cytological smears fixed in 95% alcohol and 20% honey solution. The results of our study showed no statistical significant difference in the fixative properties of honey and alcohol. Our results, therefore, confirmed that honey can safely be used as an alternate to alcohol in cytology specimens.

Key words: Honey, alcohol, Fixative, Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology, FNAC

Muhammad Farooq

Department of ENT Azad Jammu and Kashmir Medical College Muzaffarabad

Abstract: Presently Septoplasty is being performed as admitted case by most of Otorhinolaryngologists and anterior nasal packaging is applied for about 24 hours, which is not free of complications.

Objective: To study the significance of early (after about 4 hours) removal of nasal packing after Septoplasty and its feasibility as daycare surgery.

Patients and Methods: This was a prospective and experimental study conducted on 100 patients for 18 months, who were operated for symptomatic deflected nasal septum (DNS). Patients were randomly divided into two equal groups. In Group-A admitted patients, after septoplasty nasal packing was removed after 24 hours and in Group-B after septoplasty, it was removed after about 4 hours; allowing patients to go home after 5-6 hours. Patient’s discomfort caused by nasal packing was evaluated by means of a visual analog scale from zero to 10. Post-operative complications of septoplasty were also compared in both groups.

Results: Patients discomfort score due to nasal packing and complications of septoplasty were found significantly less in Group-B as compared to Group-A.

Kausar Rehana and Muhammad Mudassir Shafiq

Department of Pulmonology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Islamabad

Abstract: Ewing sarcoma is a malignant small round blue cell peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET). Its most common location is flat bones including pelvic bones, ribs and clavicle. It does however occasionally occur in femur and humerus. Rarely Ewing’s sarcoma occurs in soft tissues known as Extraskeletal Ewing’s sarcoma. A large Ewing sarcoma arising in the chest from rib or vertebral column is known as a skin tumor! We report a case of a 10-year-old girl who presented with right sided lung mass. Radiology, histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of Ewing’s sarcoma. Our case highlights the fact that Ewings sarcoma/PNET should be considered in differential diagnosis of patients presenting with lung mass.

Keywords: Ewing’s sarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, Extraskeletal Ewing’s sarcoma, small blue cell tumor, Primitive Neuroectodermal tumor, PNET

*Shawana Sharif and **Anwar-Ul-Haque

*Department of Dermatology Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi Medical College, Rawalpindi, **Department of Pathology Azad Jammu & Kashmir Medical College, Muzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir

Abstract: Alkaptonuria is a rare metabolic disorder caused by deficiency of homogentisate dioxygenase; which leads to deposition of homogentisic acid which gets deposited in connective tissue as a melanin like pigment. We had a female patient who presented to us with abnormal pigmentation on her face and hands which was not cosmetically acceptable to her. Upon exploring, she had a history of darkening of urine. Her skin biopsy demonstrated fragmented collagen and deposits of pigment in connective tissue. Subsequently she was found to have high levels of homogentisic acid in urine. We recommend that every case of abnormal hyperpigmentation should be looked for the possibility of alkaptonuria.

Key Words: Alkaptonuria, Pigmentation, Ochronosis

Anum Usman, Noor Khan Lakhnana and Humaira Zafar

Al Nafees Medical College & Hospital, Islamabad

Abstract: Endometrial stromal sarcoma is an unusual malignant neoplasm of the uterus. It mainly occurs in the age of 40–50 years. It accounts 2 to 6% of uterine malignancies. Usually, the diagnosis is confirmed postoperatively. Common symptoms are abnormal vaginal bleeding, abdominal mass and mild abdominal pain. We report a case of endometrial stromal sarcoma in a 40 years old woman. Biopsy specimens were received at the pathology lab of ANMCH. She presented with abnormal vaginal bleeding since 4 months. Histopathological findings confirmed the diagnosis of endometrial stromal sarcoma which was then confirmed on immunohistochemistry.  We aimed to present a case of endometrial stromal sarcoma because of its rare occurrence and problems in establishing histopathological diagnosis

Key Words: Endometrial stromal sarcoma, Uterine malignancy

Nosheen Nabi, Saadia Tahir, Ashok Kumar Tanwani and Ahmareen Khalid

Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Islamabad, Pakistan

Abstract: Scrotal hemangiomas are rare benign neoplasms of the scrotum. Its diagnosis is often missed on ultrasonography. As the incidence of malignant neoplasm of testis is more than the benign neoplasms so radical orchidectomy is usually performed as a management because of suspicion of malignancy and the diagnosis is finally made on the histopathological examination. Reporting these cases emphasise in keeping it in the differentials of testicular neoplasms so that testis are preserved by not performing the orhidectomy thus preventing hypogonadism and infertility.

Key Words: Scrotum, testicular tumors, hemangiomas.